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10 Aug 20264 min read

Guide de la facturation OHADA simplifiée pour petites entreprises au Cameroun

En bref : une facture conforme au Cameroun identifie clairement le vendeur (avec son NIU) et l'acheteur, porte un numéro unique et chronologique, une date, le détail des produits ou services et les montants hors taxe, de TVA et TTC. La facturation OHADA simplifiée, c'est surtout de la discipline : mêmes mentions sur chaque facture, aucune facture supprimée, et chaque facture reliée au paiement reçu et à la comptabilité.

Que vient faire l'OHADA dans la facturation ?

L'OHADA harmonise le droit des affaires de ses dix-sept États membres, dont le Cameroun, et son système comptable, le SYSCOHADA, fixe la façon de tenir les comptes. La facture est la pièce justificative de base de cette comptabilité : chaque vente enregistrée doit pouvoir être prouvée par une facture.

Les mentions obligatoires et les règles de TVA relèvent, elles, de la loi fiscale camerounaise (le Code général des impôts). En pratique, une facture bien faite répond aux deux exigences.

Quelles mentions doivent figurer sur une facture au Cameroun ?

Les mentions de base à faire figurer sur chaque facture :

  • Le vendeur : nom ou raison sociale, adresse, numéro d'identifiant unique (NIU), qui sert aussi de numéro de TVA. Le numéro au registre du commerce (RCCM) est d'usage courant pour les sociétés.
  • L'acheteur : nom ou raison sociale, adresse, et son NIU s'il s'agit d'une entreprise.
  • Un numéro de facture unique, dans une suite chronologique sans trou.
  • La date d'émission.
  • Le détail de la vente : désignation, quantité, prix unitaire hors taxe.
  • Les montants : total hors taxe, taux et montant de la TVA si vous y êtes assujetti, total TTC.
  • Les conditions de paiement : échéance, moyen de paiement, éventuelle remise.

Votre régime fiscal (impôt libératoire, régime simplifié, régime réel) change ce que vous devez déclarer, notamment pour la TVA. Faites valider votre modèle de facture une fois par un comptable ou auprès de votre centre des impôts : c'est une démarche à faire une seule fois.

Comment numéroter ses factures correctement ?

Utilisez une seule suite chronologique et continue, sans sauter de numéro ni en réutiliser. Un format simple fonctionne très bien : année puis numéro d'ordre (2026-0001, 2026-0002…).

Ne supprimez jamais une facture émise par erreur : annulez-la par un avoir, qui porte son propre numéro et fait référence à la facture d'origine. C'est ce qui garantit la traçabilité en cas de contrôle.

Comment gérer la TVA sur ses factures ?

Si vous êtes assujetti, indiquez pour chaque facture la base hors taxe, le taux appliqué et le montant de TVA, puis le total TTC. Au Cameroun, le taux général couramment appliqué est de 19,25 %, centimes additionnels communaux inclus, mais certains produits sont exonérés : vérifiez votre cas.

Si vous n'êtes pas assujetti, ne faites pas apparaître de TVA. Facturer une taxe que vous ne reversez pas crée un problème avec l'administration.

Comment relier factures et paiements Mobile Money ?

Notez sur chaque paiement la facture qu'il règle, avec la référence de la transaction MTN MoMo ou Orange Money. Sans ce lien, impossible de savoir en fin de mois quelles factures restent impayées.

Envoyer la facture avec un moyen de paiement intégré réduit les retards : avec Genuka, une facture en ligne peut être réglée par Mobile Money via Genuka Pay, et la commande est soldée automatiquement. Pour les clients qui paient en plusieurs fois, chaque paiement partiel s'enregistre sur la même facture.

Combien de temps conserver ses factures ?

Conservez vos factures et pièces comptables au moins dix ans, comme le prévoit le droit comptable OHADA. Une copie numérique, sauvegardée en dehors de votre téléphone, protège contre la perte, le vol ou l'humidité qui abîme les classeurs papier.

Un logiciel de facturation est-il nécessaire ?

Il n'est pas obligatoire, mais il supprime les erreurs les plus fréquentes : numéro en double, calcul de TVA faux, mention oubliée, facture introuvable. Dans Genuka, chaque commande peut donner une facture numérotée automatiquement, téléchargeable en PDF et envoyable au client, et la comptabilité suit le référentiel SYSCOHADA.

Pour aller plus loin, lisez comprendre la facturation OHADA pour les PME, gérer comptabilité et facturation avec un ERP et automatiser sa comptabilité selon les règles OHADA.

Par où commencer ?

Reprenez vos dix dernières factures et vérifiez-les une à une avec la liste des mentions ci-dessus. Corrigez votre modèle une fois pour toutes, puis tenez un registre des paiements reçus facture par facture.

Passez à l'action : émettez des factures numérotées et suivez leurs paiements en créant votre compte Genuka.

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Camille N. — CEO
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